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When something that once felt like a choice becomes difficult to control — alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cannabis, stimulants, sedatives or behavioural patterns.

Includes alcohol, tobacco & nicotine, opioids, cannabis, stimulants, sedatives, behavioural addictions and polysubstance use.

Difficulties with attention, impulsivity, organisation or hyperactivity that can affect learning, work, relationships and everyday functioning.

A pattern of alcohol use in which drinking becomes difficult to control or begins affecting health, relationships, responsibilities or everyday life.

A progressive neurological condition that primarily affects memory and other cognitive abilities and can lead to changes in behaviour and everyday functioning.

Conditions characterised by excessive fear, worry, apprehension or physical symptoms of anxiety that begin interfering with everyday life.

Includes generalised anxiety, panic disorder, social anxiety and phobias.

A neurodevelopmental condition involving differences in social communication, behaviour, interests and sensory experiences.

Patterns of repetitive behaviours that become difficult to control and begin causing significant distress or impairment.

Persistent patterns of difficult, disruptive or dysregulated behaviour that can affect a child’s development, relationships, family life and education.

Dependence involving sedative or anti-anxiety medications, which may cause tolerance, withdrawal and difficulty reducing or stopping use safely.

A mood disorder involving episodes of significant changes in mood, energy, activity and functioning, including episodes of depression and mania or hypomania.

A pattern of cannabis use that becomes difficult to control or begins affecting mental health, cognition, relationships or everyday functioning.

When something changes in the way a child feels, behaves, learns or connects — emotional, developmental and behavioural concerns, understood in the context of family and school.

An acute change in attention, awareness and cognition that develops over a short period and often indicates an underlying medical condition requiring prompt evaluation.

Conditions involving significant changes in memory, thinking, behaviour or other cognitive abilities that may interfere with independence and everyday functioning.

Includes Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia.

Persistent changes in mood, interest, energy, thinking or motivation that can significantly affect everyday functioning and quality of life.

Conditions beginning during development that can affect cognition, communication, behaviour, learning, motor abilities or everyday functioning.

Problematic patterns of gaming or digital-media use that become difficult to control and begin interfering with sleep, education, relationships or everyday functioning.

Mental health conditions involving persistent disturbances in eating behaviour, body image or weight-related thoughts that can affect psychological and physical health.

Emotional, behavioural or cognitive difficulties associated with epilepsy, its neurological effects, treatment or the experience of living with seizures.

A group of neurological disorders affecting frontal and temporal brain networks, often presenting with changes in behaviour, personality, language or executive functioning.

A condition involving neurological symptoms such as weakness, movement difficulties or seizures that arise from changes in how brain networks function rather than structural neurological damage alone.

Persistent and difficult-to-control worry across multiple areas of life, often accompanied by restlessness, tension, sleep disturbance or difficulty concentrating.

Mental or behavioural problems associated with the use of hallucinogenic substances, including problematic use and substance-induced psychiatric symptoms.

Problematic use of volatile substances or inhalants that can lead to dependence and serious neurological, psychiatric and physical consequences.

Persistent difficulties in specific academic skills such as reading, writing or mathematics despite appropriate opportunities for learning.

A progressive neurological disorder that can affect cognition, attention, movement, sleep, perception and behaviour.

Measurable changes in memory or other cognitive abilities that are greater than expected with normal ageing but do not necessarily prevent independent everyday functioning.

A condition involving recurrent intrusive thoughts, images or urges and/or repetitive behaviours or mental rituals that can become distressing and time-consuming.

A pattern of opioid use characterised by impaired control, craving, dependence or continued use despite harmful consequences.

A persistent pattern of irritability, argumentativeness or defiant behaviour in children or adolescents that significantly affects family, school or social functioning.

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks accompanied by ongoing concern, behavioural changes or fear of experiencing further attacks.

Psychiatric, cognitive, behavioural and sleep-related symptoms that can occur alongside Parkinson’s disease and may substantially affect quality of life.

Persistent patterns of thinking, feeling, relating and behaving that can create significant difficulties in relationships, emotional regulation and everyday functioning.

Intense and persistent fear of particular situations, activities or objects that may lead to significant avoidance and distress.

Problematic use of multiple substances, where interactions between substances can complicate dependence, withdrawal, mental health and treatment.

A trauma-related condition involving symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance, heightened threat responses and changes in mood or thinking following traumatic experiences.

Conditions involving significant disturbances in perception, beliefs, thinking or behaviour that can affect a person’s understanding of reality and everyday functioning.

A psychiatric disorder that can affect perception, thinking, motivation, emotional expression and functioning, sometimes involving hallucinations or delusions.

Persistent difficulty attending or remaining at school associated with significant emotional distress, anxiety, behavioural difficulties or other underlying concerns.

Thoughts or behaviours involving intentional self-injury or suicide require careful assessment of emotional distress, underlying conditions and immediate safety.

Psychological, relational or psychiatric factors can contribute to difficulties involving sexual desire, arousal, performance, pain, behaviour or sexual wellbeing.

Persistent difficulties with sleep quality, timing or duration that can affect mood, cognition, physical health and everyday functioning.

Persistent fear of social situations involving possible scrutiny, embarrassment or negative evaluation that leads to distress or avoidance.

Conditions in which physical symptoms, health concerns and associated thoughts or behaviours cause significant distress or disruption in everyday life.

Problematic use of stimulant substances associated with impaired control, craving or significant psychological, social or physical consequences.

Changes in mood, behaviour, cognition, personality or emotional regulation that may emerge following a stroke.

Dependence on nicotine characterised by craving, difficulty controlling use, withdrawal and continued use despite health consequences.

Emotional, cognitive, behavioural or personality changes that can occur following an injury to the brain.